🇬🇧 United Kingdom — February 2019
United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary monarchy, a major financial and services centre with a long diplomatic and legal tradition. Here is what its national chart, the running dasha and this month's sky say about each area of national life — and exactly why.
At a glance — February 2019
Mixed Mixed overall: strongest areas are Foreign Relations & Alliances and Economy & Public Finance; most pressure falls on Public Health & Welfare and Defence, Security & Conflict.
Area-by-area outlook
Open "Why the charts say this" under any area to see the exact chart facts behind its verdict.
🏛️ Government & Leadership
MixedGoverns the head of state, the ruling party and cabinet, and the nation's prestige · Houses 10th & 1st · Natural significators: Sun
The government can act, but not without friction — coalition strains, court or media pushback and uneven public support are likely. Progress comes through compromise rather than force.
Why the charts say this — score -0.5 (natal +0.3 · dasha +0.0 · transit -0.8)
- transit -0.8 — Saturn (from the 4th house) aspects the 10th house; Saturn (from the 4th house) aspects the 1st house — Saturn brings pressure to the head of state, the ruling party and cabinet, and the nation's prestige.
- natal +0.5 — In United Kingdom's foundation chart the 10th house (government and head of state) is ruled by Mercury, which sits in a neutral sign in the 3rd house; Moon occupies the 10th house itself. This is the permanent base for this area — a supportive one.
💰 Economy & Public Finance
FavourableGoverns the treasury, banking, the currency, national income and gains · Houses 2nd & 11th · Natural significators: Jupiter, Venus
Revenues, credit and confidence are supported. Growth data, bank balance sheets and the currency are more likely to surprise on the upside, and funding for public projects flows more easily.
Why the charts say this — score +2.1 (natal +0.9 · dasha +1.0 · transit +0.2)
- dasha +1.0 — Pratyantardasha lord Venus (until 31 Jul 2019) rules the 2nd house and is a natural significator of this area. In this chart Venus is functionally benefic and in a neutral sign, so this pratyantardasha supports the area. (Venus stands for diplomacy, culture, the arts and treaties.)
- transit -0.5 — Mars (from the 8th house) aspects the 2nd house; Mars (from the 8th house) aspects the 11th house; Mars (from the 7th house) aspects the 2nd house — Mars brings pressure to the treasury, banking, the currency, national income and gains.
- natal +0.5 — In United Kingdom's foundation chart the 11th house (parliament, allies and national income) is ruled by Moon, which sits in a neutral sign in the 10th house; Jupiter occupies the 11th house itself. This is the permanent base for this area — a supportive one.
- natal +0.4 — In United Kingdom's foundation chart the 2nd house (national wealth) is ruled by Venus, which sits in a neutral sign in the 5th house. This is the permanent base for this area — a supportive one.
- transit +0.4 — Jupiter (from the 3rd house) aspects the 11th house — Jupiter brings support to the treasury, banking, the currency, national income and gains.
- transit +0.3 — Rahu transits the 11th house while retrograde — Rahu brings support to the treasury, banking, the currency, national income and gains.
📈 Trade, Markets & Technology
MixedGoverns trade and commerce, the media, the technology sector and stock-market sentiment · Houses 3rd & 5th · Natural significators: Mercury, Rahu
Sentiment is changeable — rallies and sharp corrections can both occur, and trade or technology news cuts both ways. Volatility rather than a clear trend.
Why the charts say this — score +1.0 (natal +0.6 · dasha -0.3 · transit +0.8)
- transit +1.5 — Jupiter transits the 3rd house — Jupiter brings support to trade and commerce, the media, the technology sector and stock-market sentiment.
- natal +0.6 — In United Kingdom's foundation chart the 3rd house (communication, media and neighbours) is ruled by Mars, which sits in its own sign (strong) in the 8th house; Mercury occupies the 3rd house itself. This is the permanent base for this area — a supportive one.
- transit -0.5 — Ketu transits the 5th house while retrograde — Ketu brings pressure to trade and commerce, the media, the technology sector and stock-market sentiment.
- dasha -0.4 — Mahadasha lord Rahu (until 25 Dec 2030) is a natural significator of this area. In this chart Rahu is functionally difficult and in a neutral sign, so this mahadasha strains the area. (Rahu stands for foreign influence, sudden disruption, technology shocks and mass movements.)
- dasha +0.3 — Pratyantardasha lord Venus (until 31 Jul 2019) sits in the 5th house. In this chart Venus is functionally benefic and in a neutral sign, so this pratyantardasha supports the area. (Venus stands for diplomacy, culture, the arts and treaties.)
- transit -0.3 — Mars (from the 8th house) aspects the 3rd house — Mars brings pressure to trade and commerce, the media, the technology sector and stock-market sentiment.
- dasha -0.2 — Antardasha lord Saturn (until 7 Dec 2020) rules the 5th house. In this chart Saturn is functionally difficult and in a neutral sign, so this antardasha strains the area. (Saturn stands for labour, democracy, infrastructure, chronic problems and the country's endurance.)
🛡️ Defence, Security & Conflict
ChallengingGoverns the armed forces and police, border tensions, terrorism and internal security · Houses 6th & 8th · Natural significators: Mars
Elevated risk of conflict, terror incidents, accidents involving the forces or sharp escalation with a rival. Vigilance and restraint are both needed.
Why the charts say this — score -1.2 (natal -0.5 · dasha -0.4 · transit -0.4)
- natal -0.5 — In United Kingdom's foundation chart the 6th house (armed forces and public health) is ruled by Saturn, which sits in a neutral sign in the 12th house. This is the permanent base for this area — a testing one.
- transit -0.5 — Mars transits the 8th house (82% of the month) — Mars brings pressure to the armed forces and police, border tensions, terrorism and internal security.
- transit -0.5 — Saturn (from the 4th house) aspects the 6th house — Saturn brings pressure to the armed forces and police, border tensions, terrorism and internal security.
- dasha -0.4 — Antardasha lord Saturn (until 7 Dec 2020) rules the 6th house. In this chart Saturn is functionally difficult and in a neutral sign, so this antardasha strains the area. (Saturn stands for labour, democracy, infrastructure, chronic problems and the country's endurance.)
- transit +0.3 — Mercury transits the 6th house (64% of the month) — Mercury brings support to the armed forces and police, border tensions, terrorism and internal security.
- transit +0.3 — Sun transits the 6th house (57% of the month) — Sun brings support to the armed forces and police, border tensions, terrorism and internal security.
🤝 Foreign Relations & Alliances
FavourableGoverns treaties, allies, trade partners and open rivals · Houses 7th & 3rd · Natural significators: Venus, Mercury
Diplomacy works in the country's favour — talks make progress, alliances hold and trade or treaty agreements are easier to close.
Why the charts say this — score +2.2 (natal +1.0 · dasha -0.0 · transit +1.2)
- transit +1.5 — Jupiter (from the 3rd house) aspects the 7th house; Jupiter transits the 3rd house — Jupiter brings support to treaties, allies, trade partners and open rivals.
- natal +0.7 — In United Kingdom's foundation chart the 7th house (foreign relations) is ruled by Jupiter, which sits exalted (at its strongest) in the 11th house; Rahu occupies the 7th house itself. This is the permanent base for this area — a supportive one.
- dasha -0.4 — Mahadasha lord Rahu (until 25 Dec 2030) sits in the 7th house. In this chart Rahu is functionally difficult and in a neutral sign, so this mahadasha strains the area. (Rahu stands for foreign influence, sudden disruption, technology shocks and mass movements.)
- dasha +0.4 — Pratyantardasha lord Venus (until 31 Jul 2019) is a natural significator of this area. In this chart Venus is functionally benefic and in a neutral sign, so this pratyantardasha supports the area. (Venus stands for diplomacy, culture, the arts and treaties.)
- transit -0.3 — Mars (from the 8th house) aspects the 3rd house; Mars transits the 7th house (18% of the month) — Mars brings pressure to treaties, allies, trade partners and open rivals.
🏥 Public Health & Welfare
ChallengingGoverns the health of the population, hospitals, disease outbreaks and welfare systems · Houses 6th & 1st · Natural significators: Moon, Saturn
Greater risk of outbreaks, strain on hospitals and welfare systems, or health-related controversies. Prevention and preparedness matter more than usual.
Why the charts say this — score -1.6 (natal -0.8 · dasha -0.7 · transit -0.2)
- transit -0.8 — Saturn (from the 4th house) aspects the 6th house; Saturn (from the 4th house) aspects the 1st house — Saturn brings pressure to the health of the population, hospitals, disease outbreaks and welfare systems.
- dasha -0.7 — Antardasha lord Saturn (until 7 Dec 2020) rules the 6th house and is a natural significator of this area. In this chart Saturn is functionally difficult and in a neutral sign, so this antardasha strains the area. (Saturn stands for labour, democracy, infrastructure, chronic problems and the country's endurance.)
- natal -0.5 — In United Kingdom's foundation chart the 6th house (armed forces and public health) is ruled by Saturn, which sits in a neutral sign in the 12th house. This is the permanent base for this area — a testing one.
- transit +0.3 — Mercury transits the 6th house (64% of the month) — Mercury brings support to the health of the population, hospitals, disease outbreaks and welfare systems.
- transit +0.3 — Sun transits the 6th house (57% of the month) — Sun brings support to the health of the population, hospitals, disease outbreaks and welfare systems.
👥 Society, Stability & Law and Order
MixedGoverns the mood of the masses, protests, the opposition and domestic peace · Houses 4th & 1st · Natural significators: Moon
The public mood is restless in places — demonstrations, strikes or political noise are likely, but they remain manageable.
Why the charts say this — score -0.5 (natal +0.5 · dasha +0.0 · transit -0.9)
- transit -1.8 — Saturn transits the 4th house; Saturn (from the 4th house) aspects the 1st house — Saturn brings pressure to the mood of the masses, protests, the opposition and domestic peace.
- transit +0.9 — Venus transits the 4th house (86% of the month) — Venus brings support to the mood of the masses, protests, the opposition and domestic peace.
- natal +0.7 — In United Kingdom's foundation chart the 4th house (land, masses and domestic peace) is ruled by Jupiter, which sits exalted (at its strongest) in the 11th house; Sun occupies the 4th house itself. This is the permanent base for this area — a supportive one.
⚖️ Justice, Religion & Education
FavourableGoverns the courts, religious institutions, universities and national morale · Houses 9th & 5th · Natural significators: Jupiter
The courts, universities and religious institutions command respect; landmark rulings and education initiatives are received well and the national mood is hopeful.
Why the charts say this — score +1.2 (natal +0.4 · dasha +0.6 · transit +0.2)
- dasha +0.9 — Pratyantardasha lord Venus (until 31 Jul 2019) rules the 9th house and sits in the 5th house. In this chart Venus is functionally benefic and in a neutral sign, so this pratyantardasha supports the area. (Venus stands for diplomacy, culture, the arts and treaties.)
- transit +0.6 — Jupiter (from the 3rd house) aspects the 9th house — Jupiter brings support to the courts, religious institutions, universities and national morale.
- transit -0.5 — Ketu transits the 5th house while retrograde — Ketu brings pressure to the courts, religious institutions, universities and national morale.
- natal +0.4 — In United Kingdom's foundation chart the 9th house (law, religion and higher learning) is ruled by Venus, which sits in a neutral sign in the 5th house. This is the permanent base for this area — a supportive one.
- dasha -0.2 — Antardasha lord Saturn (until 7 Dec 2020) rules the 5th house. In this chart Saturn is functionally difficult and in a neutral sign, so this antardasha strains the area. (Saturn stands for labour, democracy, infrastructure, chronic problems and the country's endurance.)
🌦️ Climate, Agriculture & Natural Events
MixedGoverns weather, harvests, water, earthquakes, floods and other natural events · Houses 4th & 8th · Natural significators: Moon, Mars, Rahu, Ketu
Weather is uneven — good in some regions and troubled in others. Local floods, heat or dry spells are possible but not widespread.
Why the charts say this — score -0.8 (natal +0.7 · dasha -0.4 · transit -1.1)
- transit -1.5 — Saturn transits the 4th house — Saturn brings pressure to weather, harvests, water, earthquakes, floods and other natural events.
- transit +0.9 — Venus transits the 4th house (86% of the month) — Venus brings support to weather, harvests, water, earthquakes, floods and other natural events.
- natal +0.7 — In United Kingdom's foundation chart the 4th house (land, masses and domestic peace) is ruled by Jupiter, which sits exalted (at its strongest) in the 11th house; Sun occupies the 4th house itself. This is the permanent base for this area — a supportive one.
- transit -0.5 — Mars transits the 8th house (82% of the month) — Mars brings pressure to weather, harvests, water, earthquakes, floods and other natural events.
- dasha -0.4 — Mahadasha lord Rahu (until 25 Dec 2030) is a natural significator of this area. In this chart Rahu is functionally difficult and in a neutral sign, so this mahadasha strains the area. (Rahu stands for foreign influence, sudden disruption, technology shocks and mass movements.)
Sky events this month and what they touch
| Date | Event | What it touches in United Kingdom |
|---|---|---|
| 4 Feb 2019 | New Moon in Capricorn | In the 5th house (creativity, youth and markets): a fresh start or new focus around education, birth rate, entertainment, sport, speculation and stock markets. |
| 5 Feb 2019 | Mars enters Aries | It moves into United Kingdom's 8th house (crisis and hidden affairs) — added pressure or sharper events around disasters, scandals, intelligence, public debt crises and sudden upheaval. |
| 6 Feb 2019 | Mercury enters Aquarius | It moves into United Kingdom's 6th house (armed forces and public health) — a supportive influence on military and police, disease, hospitals, labour disputes and national debt. |
| 12 Feb 2019 | Sun enters Aquarius | It moves into United Kingdom's 6th house (armed forces and public health) — added pressure or sharper events around military and police, disease, hospitals, labour disputes and national debt. |
| 19 Feb 2019 | Full Moon in Leo | In the 12th house (losses and hidden enemies): a peak or culmination — and sometimes open tension — around foreign expenditure, espionage, prisons, hospitals and drains on the treasury. |
| 24 Feb 2019 | Mercury enters Pisces | It moves into United Kingdom's 7th house (foreign relations) — a supportive influence on treaties, allies, open enemies, war and trade partners. |
| 24 Feb 2019 | Venus enters Capricorn | It moves into United Kingdom's 5th house (creativity, youth and markets) — a supportive influence on education, birth rate, entertainment, sport, speculation and stock markets. |
All upcoming eclipses and major transits, with their effect on every country →
The nation's running dasha
Vimshottari dasha counted from the national Moon (Gemini, Punarvasu). The Mahadasha sets the long theme, the Antardasha the current chapter, the Pratyantardasha the month-to-month tone.
Mahadasha — Rahu (25 Dec 2012 → 25 Dec 2030). Rahu stands for foreign influence, sudden disruption, technology shocks and mass movements. In United Kingdom's chart it owns no house (a shadow planet that acts through its sign lord and conjunctions), sits in Pisces (the 7th house) in a neutral sign, and is functionally difficult for this chart. While this period runs, Rahu's themes — foreign influence, sudden disruption, technology shocks and mass movements — are the ones that the sky's triggers switch on.
Antardasha — Saturn (31 Jan 2018 → 7 Dec 2020). Saturn stands for labour, democracy, infrastructure, chronic problems and the country's endurance. In United Kingdom's chart it rules the 5th and 6th houses (creativity, youth and markets; armed forces and public health), sits in Leo (the 12th house) in a neutral sign, and is functionally difficult for this chart. While this period runs, Saturn's themes — labour, democracy, infrastructure, chronic problems and the country's endurance — are the ones that the sky's triggers switch on.
Pratyantardasha — Venus (8 Feb 2019 → 31 Jul 2019). Venus stands for diplomacy, culture, the arts and treaties. In United Kingdom's chart it rules the 2nd and 9th houses (national wealth; law, religion and higher learning), sits in Capricorn (the 5th house) in a neutral sign, and is functionally benefic for this chart. While this period runs, Venus's themes — diplomacy, culture, the arts and treaties — are the ones that the sky's triggers switch on.
Pratyantardasha periods inside this month: Ketu (9 Dec 2018 → 8 Feb 2019); Venus (8 Feb 2019 → 31 Jul 2019).
Where the slow planets stand
♄ Saturn — Saturn is in Sagittarius, the 4th house (land, masses and domestic peace) of United Kingdom's chart. Saturn disciplines, delays and tests whatever a house governs — here that means territory, agriculture, housing, the common people, opposition and the weather. Expect slow, demanding progress rather than sudden change.
♃ Jupiter — Jupiter is in Scorpio, the 3rd house (communication, media and neighbours). Jupiter expands and protects what it touches — press, telecom, transport links, trade routes and neighbouring states — and its glance falls on the 7th, 9th, 11th houses as well.
☊ Rahu / ☋ Ketu — Rahu is in the 11th house (parliament, allies and national income) and Ketu in the 5th house (creativity, youth and markets). The nodal axis brings foreign influence, shocks or obsession to the legislature, allies, economic gains and national aspirations, and detachment, loss or sudden endings to education, birth rate, entertainment, sport, speculation and stock markets.
Sade Sati of the nation — not running (the national Moon is in Gemini; Saturn is in Sagittarius).
12-month outlook
| Area | Feb 19 | Mar 19 | Apr 19 | May 19 | Jun 19 | Jul 19 | Aug 19 | Sep 19 | Oct 19 | Nov 19 | Dec 19 | Jan 20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ▼ | ▼ | ● | ▼ | ● | ▼ | ▼ |
| Government & Leadership | ● | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ● | ▼ |
| Economy & Public Finance | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ● | ● | ● |
| Trade, Markets & Technology | ● | ▲ | ● | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ● | ● |
| Defence, Security & Conflict | ▼ | ● | ● | ● | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ |
| Foreign Relations & Alliances | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲▲ | ▲▲ | ▲▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ● | ● |
| Public Health & Welfare | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼▼ | ▼▼ | ▼ | ▼▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ |
| Society, Stability & Law and Order | ● | ▼ | ▼ | ▼▼ | ▼▼ | ▼▼ | ▼▼ | ▼ | ▼▼ | ● | ▼ | ● |
| Justice, Religion & Education | ▲ | ▲ | ● | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
| Climate, Agriculture & Natural Events | ● | ▼ | ● | ▼ | ▼ | ▼▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ● | ▼ | ▼ |
▲▲ strongly favourable · ▲ favourable · ● mixed · ▼ challenging · ▼▼ under strain. Click a month to open its full analysis.
The foundation chart — Act of Union
🇬🇧 United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary monarchy, a major financial and services centre with a long diplomatic and legal tradition. Its foundation chart is cast for the Act of Union — 1801-01-01, 00:00 local time, London — and rises in Virgo, so Mercury, lord of the Lagna, is the nation's ruler: it sits in Scorpio (the 3rd house) in a neutral sign. The 10th-house (government) lord Mercury sits in the 3rd house in a neutral sign. The Moon — the people — is in Gemini in Punarvasu nakshatra.
Planets at their strongest: Mars (own sign), Jupiter (exalted). These natal conditions are the permanent "base score" used in every monthly verdict.
KP (Placidus) chart for London at the founding moment, Lahiri ayanamsa — the same layout as the KP tab. The right-hand chart overlays the planets of February 15, 2019 (the 15th of the month) as "G·" (Gochar).
| Planet | Sign | Sign° | Abs° | House | Nakshatra | Inds |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As | Virgo (Vi) | 15°59′ | 165°59′ | H1 | Hasta P2 | |
| Su | Sagittarius (Sg) | 19°06′ | 259°06′ | H4 | Purva Ashadha P2 | |
| Mo | Gemini (Ge) | 28°21′ | 88°21′ | H10 | Punarvasu P3 | ☾ |
| Ma | Aries (Ar) | 20°41′ | 20°41′ | H8 | Bharani P3 | |
| Me | Scorpio (Sc) | 26°29′ | 236°29′ | H3 | Jyeshtha P3 | |
| Ju | Cancer (Ca) | 10°46′ | 100°46′ | H10 | Pushya P3 | ℞ |
| Ve | Capricorn (Cp) | 25°27′ | 295°27′ | H5 | Dhanishtha P1 | |
| Sa | Leo (Le) | 2°17′ | 122°17′ | H11 | Magha P1 | ℞ |
| Ra | Pisces (Pi) | 22°50′ | 352°50′ | H7 | Revati P2 | ℞ |
| Ke | Virgo (Vi) | 22°50′ | 172°50′ | H1 | Hasta P4 | ℞ |
| House | Sign | Sign° | Nakshatra | NL | Planets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | Virgo (Vi) | 15°59′ | Hasta P2 | Mo | Ke |
| H2 | Libra (Li) | 10°41′ | Swati P2 | Ra | — |
| H3 | Scorpio (Sc) | 11°33′ | Anuradha P3 | Sa | Me |
| H4 | Sagittarius (Sg) | 18°08′ | Purva Ashadha P2 | Ve | Su |
| H5 | Capricorn (Cp) | 23°43′ | Dhanishtha P1 | Ma | Ve |
| H6 | Aquarius (Aq) | 22°59′ | Purva Bhadrapada P1 | Ju | — |
| H7 | Pisces (Pi) | 15°59′ | Uttara Bhadrapada P4 | Sa | Ra |
| H8 | Aries (Ar) | 10°41′ | Ashwini P4 | Ke | Ma |
| H9 | Taurus (Ta) | 11°33′ | Rohini P1 | Mo | — |
| H10 | Gemini (Ge) | 18°08′ | Ardra P4 | Ra | Mo, Ju |
| H11 | Cancer (Ca) | 23°43′ | Ashlesha P3 | Me | Sa |
| H12 | Leo (Le) | 22°59′ | Purva Phalguni P3 | Ve | — |
Key house domains
Lunation and eclipse charts this month
Each chart is cast for London at the exact moment of the event — so you can see which house of the local chart it lights up.
How these verdicts are built
- Foundation chart. A country's chart is cast for its founding moment (sidereal zodiac, Lahiri ayanamsa, whole-sign houses counted from the rising sign). The 1st house is the nation, the 10th its government, the 2nd its wealth, the 7th its foreign relations, and so on.
- Areas and houses. Each area has governing houses and natural planets: for example Defence uses the 6th and 8th houses and Mars; the Economy uses the 2nd and 11th houses with Jupiter and Venus.
- Natal base. The lord of each governing house is checked for dignity (exalted, own sign, debilitated) and placement (kendra/trikona versus 6th/8th/12th), and benefic or malefic planets sitting in the house itself are counted.
- Dasha. The Mahadasha, Antardasha and Pratyantardasha lords are scored by whether they rule, occupy or naturally signify the area, multiplied by how functionally benefic or difficult they are in this particular chart and how strong they are.
- Transits. Every slow planet is placed by house from the national Lagna for each day of the month. Jupiter and Venus support the houses they pass through; Saturn, Mars and the nodes pressure them (except in the 3rd, 6th and 11th, where malefics help); Jupiter's, Saturn's and Mars's aspects are added, all weighted by how many days they spend there.
- Eclipses. A solar or lunar eclipse on a governing house is a strong negative for that area in the surrounding weeks.
- Label. The four totals add up to a score from −5 to +5, shown as Strongly favourable, Favourable, Mixed, Challenging or Under strain. The "Overall" figure is a weighted average of the nine areas.
Other countries
Frequently Asked Questions
For each area of national life (government, economy, defence …) the page adds four things: the natal base, the running dasha, the month's transits and any eclipse on its governing houses. The total becomes the label, and the reasons behind it are listed under each area.
United Kingdom uses its Act of Union chart (1801-01-01, 00:00, London). Mundane charts are debated — different astrologers prefer different moments, and some founding times are approximate — so treat the analysis as one consistent lens, not a prediction.
No. It describes which areas the sky is supporting or pressuring in a given month, using classical rules. Real events depend on people, policy and chance; read it as a weather report for tendencies, not a guarantee.
Astrology is a traditional symbolic system, not a scientific forecast. Nothing here is financial, political, medical or security advice.